Significance Of Recruitment And Selection Business Essay

Significance Of Recruitment And Selection Business Essay Recruitment and selection process in an organization is important in order to attract an effective workforce. This is important because it would determine the business success and would affect the whole organization operation. One of the most valuable assets in an organization is the employees. Recruitment is defined as the process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers, and with appropriate qualifications, and encouraging them to apply for jobs with an organization (Mondy Noe, 2008). There are two main stages of recruitment. Firstly, strategic planning is needed to define the objectives and goals of the organization. Next, human resource planning is needed to identify the whether there are surplus or shortage of workers or just enough workers to achieve the organizational goals. The objective of recruitment is to attain the number and quality of employees that can be chosen to help the organisation achieve its objectives and goals. It also helps to create a pool of potential employees for the organisation in order for the management to select the right applicant for the right job. Selection is the process of choosing from a group of applicants the individual best suited for a particular position and organization (Mondy Noe, 2008). The vital goal of selection is to hire the candidate who is most suitable for the job duties and the culture of the organization. Using the right selection methods and delivering them effectively is important. Human resource managers can determine effective selection tools with the job when job analysis is carefully done.( Neil Kokemuller) Proper selection of candidates can reduce the cost of training because qualified candidate can perform well and achieve organizational goals. Selection can also reduce employee problems in the organization such as labour turnover and absenteeism. 2. Content Since recruitment and selection cost are significant, there are some alternatives to solve shortage of employees. The alternatives to recruitment are outsourcing, contingent workers, professional employer organization and overtime. Outsourcing is when the organization uses an external company to perform task and function of the organisation. Contingent workers are also known as temporary workers, part-time workers and just-in-time workers. When there is not enough full-time employees to complete some task, using contingent workers is a good choice. Professional employer organisation is companies that lease out their employees to organisations for a certain period. Overtime is when employees work for extra hours to deal with a large workload that is temporary. This way organisations save money on recruiting, selecting and training new employees. 2.1 Recruiting methods Recruitment source is the place where qualified individuals are found (Mondy Noe, 2008). Recruitment method is defined as the ways in which potential employees are attracted to an organisation (Kleynhans, 2006). Internal recruiting methods are employee database, employee referrals, job posting and job bidding. Employee database is able to show the organisation whether current employees have the required qualifications for filling the vacancies. Furthermore, an employee referral is when employees mention someone who is capable and suitable for the job opening to the recruiter. Job posting is a procedure of letting employees know there is a job vacancy whereas job bidding is a procedure that employees who believe that they possess the required qualifications to apply for the vacant position. There are several external recruiting methods. The methods commonly used are media advertising, job fairs, internships and employee agencies. Media advertising is a popular method. The organisation can put up its employment needs through various advertising means such as newspaper, internet, radio and television. Other than that, job fair is a recruiting method used by employers to attract large number of applicants to one location for interviews. Internship is where students are hired by an employer for a period of time into professional or technical position that relates to their area of study and prepare them for the workforce (Internship Definition, 2008). Employee agencies are organisation that aids to recruit employees and also help individuals to find for jobs. 2.2 Selection process The first step of selection process is preliminary interview. This step is to eliminate obviously unqualified candidates. The HR manager can conduct this step via telephone, video or virtual job interview. Telephone interview is commonly used as it saves time. The next step in selection process is review of applications and r à ©sumà ©. Evaluation of the applications of employment is done by the employer to determine whether the applicant is suitable for the position. Subsequently, the organization will administer some test such as work sample, job knowledge, psychomotor abilities test, vocational interest, and personality. Work sample test is used to test the ability of an individual to perform task that represent the job itself. Job knowledge test are used to test the applicants knowledge on duties of the job applied. Psychomotor abilities test assess the strength, coordination and agility of the applicant. Vocational interest test are used to test ones satisfaction or interest on the occupation. Personality test measures trait, temperaments and characters of the applicants. Employment interview is the oral examination of candidates for employment. The employer will exchange conversation with the applicants to evaluate them. There are two types of interview; structured and unstructured. Structured interview ask about questions related to the job whereas unstructured interview ask open-ended question. There are also four methods of interviewing which are one-on-one, group, broad and multiple interviews. Following the employment interview, investigation of the applicants background and reference are done to determine the truth of information stated. Previous employment, education verification, criminal history and personal reference check are some elements to verify. Next, selection decision is conducted. This is the most crucial step in the process. Candidate with the best qualification would be recruited by the organization. Lastly, medical examination is administered to see whether the candidate is physically capable to execute the job functions. If the applicants pass the whole process successfully, they will be notified to commence work as soon as possible. 2.3 Significance of Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection process is important for an organization to achieve its goals. When the right people are selected, the employee will produce productive results and stay with the organisation longer hence having a low employee turnover. If selection is not carefully done, the employee may make mistake which leads to a financial loss. It also wastes the time of human resource managers to go through the recruitment and selection process again. 3. Case development 3.1 Company description The company that we have chosen for our assignment is Public Bank Bhd. This company was start up in August 1966 by its Founder and Chairman, Tan Sri Dato Sri Dr. Teh Hong Piow. Public Bank is a top-tier bank in Malaysia. Public Bank Berhad is engaged in investment holding, stock-broking, provision of related financial services, management of unit trust funds and sale of trust units, underwriting of insurance. Furthermore, Public Bank also emphasises on a wide range of banking services such as commercial banking, investment banking, financing Islamic banking business and card businesses. In the market of banking services, Public Bank is the market leader in consumers banking and retail commercial lending to SMEs in Malaysia. Besides, Public Bank has about 250 branches throughout Malaysia .The company employs 90% in Malaysia which mean more than 14,000 people are employed by the company and the services that provides in each of the branches include deposit accounts, insurance plans, loans, insurance plan and as well as credit cards. In addition, it has more than 100 overseas branches in countries including Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. The Public Bank Group has demonstrated powerful capacity of transporting exceptionally high rates of organic growth in its core businesses. In other hand, this company perform six segments. Retail operations which concerning on transferring the products and services to all small and medium-size businesses. Second, hire purchase operations, the provision of passenger vehicle financing to all levels of customers are being concerned by hire purchase operations. Furthermore, corporate lending operations provide the financing needs of corporate customers. In addition, trading treasury related products and services is engaged in the treasury and capital market operations. Investment banking operations which provide the business needs of business customers. Last but not least, fund management operations which consist of sale of trust units and the management of unit trust funds. Besides, Public Bank`s banking and management excellence has continued to be accorded prestigious domestic and international recognition. Furthermore, its excellence performance has received several awards granted by highly reliable institution and magazines. These awards included the Best Domestic Commercial Bank in Malaysia by Asiamoney and The Asset, Best Local bank in Malaysia by FinanceAsia and Euromoney, Best Bank in Malaysia by Global Finance and the Most outstanding Annual Report Award. In other hand, Between the 40 mainly well regarded Malaysian companies, Public Bank was ranked at 2 in year 2003. The bank also won the KLSE Corporate Excellence Award for the fourth consecutive year and the inaugural Malaysian Business Corporate Governance Award in year 2003, becoming the standard bearer of good corporate governance practices in Malaysia. Human capital is the most valuable assets for Public Bank Group. The Public Bank Group is committed in generating its human capital and determine the need for a powerful performance reward system to encourage their employees to perform better by rewarding their employees. Previously, Public Bank Group still stands out as one of the strongest and successful financial services group during the global recessionary economic conditions. Besides, Public Bank Group reward the staff with higher bonus as a result of their excellent performance. The compensation make up of a basic salary of RM 2,800 per month for entry level, other benefits and caring environment for the right applicants. With increasing online purchasing, Public Bank is now providing internet banking services, PBeBank.com .The security of the internet banking was improved with an alert mechanism that is well-qualified to identifying and diminishing doubtful account activities and preventing unauthorised access. Besides, this internet banking system allows customers to make payment for regular bills. In branches, every customer service delivery is improved with special care counters for senior citizens, expectant mothers and the disabled. Moreover, in each of the branches it provide convenient one-stop assistance for customer enquiries on loans. 3.2 Company recruitment practices and implementation There are two recruitment methods; internal and external. Public Bank uses both methods but mainly on external. Internal recruitment method Promotion from within The internal recruitment source that used by Public Bank is promotion from within. In general it is a procedure that the manager has stated a promise to consider promoting current employees for an opportunity before employing applicants from outside the organization. One of the employees, Tan Sri Datuk Seri Utama Thong Yaw Hong who was the Director in June 1986 and made Chairman in October 1986, now serves as Independent Non-Executive Co-Chairman of the Board at Public Bank Bhd (Reuters). External recruitment method Online Recruiting Method Public Bank is using external recruitment sources to find qualified individuals. One of the external recruitment source that usually used by Public Bank is online recruiting. Public Bank post their job vacancy on their company website and job search engine such as jobstreet.com. Media Advertising Besides, external recruitment method that used by Public Bank to attract potential employees is media advertising. The most common media advertising that used by Public Bank to convey their employment needs is through newspaper namely in The Star Jobs section. Job fair Moreover, Public Bank also used Job fair as one of the external recruitment method. Job fair is a exposition or fair that organized by an organization for the purpose of matching job seekers and people who seek for a job. One of the job fair that Public Bank has involved is the MCTF 12( Malaysia Career and Training Fair 2012). Before the Job fair Public Bank may posted their vacancy job detail on their website. The detail included minimum qualification, previous employment, communication skill and so on. Public Bank usually will transfer their employees from one department to another department. And this could bring the benefit of providing a excellent candidates for Public Bank to fill a vacancy. 3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Recruiting Methods Promotion from within . Because the current employees had gone through the training that provide by company and it take the current employee much less time to become efficiency and effective to the new job because current employee is already familiar with their job, so the current employees is someone who is capable for the empty job in the company. Besides, it is economical. By using the internal recruitment source, Public Bank has eliminated the cost of advertising, interviewing, training and development since the current employee has familiar with their works. In other hand, current employees have worked for the company for a period of time. So they are able to fit in with the company culture. It is very important because it could help to achieve organization efficiency. For example, employees who can work well with their colleague improve the efficiency in productivity of the organization because a person work in a warm and good culture environment could improve the productivity of the organization. Besides, this internal recruitment practices could motivate the employees. It encourages the employees to work hard and get promoted. One of the disadvantages of promotion from within is limited choice for the company. The selection of applicants is forced to be done from a limited pool. Due to this, the quality of applicant may need to be sacrificed and resolved in applicants that have less qualification. Other than that, candidates from within do not have a new ideas. Employees from within could not bring in outside talents and skills to maintain new ideas and plans to come in. And this will not make the company grow and improve. Moreover, promotion also can be resulted in inefficiency as it only focus on the services length rather than value, and it may be a good thing for inefficient candidates as they will not need to work hard in order to prove that they are worth to stay in the organisation. Online Recruiting The advantage of e-recruiting is that it saves cost on promoting company vacancy because it is free for Public Bank since it is placed on their website. Secondly, it is also easy to place an online advertisement. HR Managers dont need an in-depth knowledge on IT since most job sites and CV database are user-friendly. By using the external recruitment source of online recruiting, it is also time-consuming because it will generate many unqualified candidates. The human resource managers will waste time trying to filter and sift out all of the unqualified candidates. When they are choosing candidates, they will become confused because there are too many candidates. Media advertising The reason that Public Bank using this method is newspaper advertising can appeal to a wider audience. Those audiences have different backgrounds, specialized knowledge and experience. Public Bank can refer to their viewpoint and try to apply in their business. It can also help to fill the vacancies fast. However, there are many disadvantages for advertising too. Advertising will waste a lot of money. It will not be cost-effective. It is also time-consuming because it will generate many unqualified candidates. The human resource managers will waste time trying to filter and sift out all of the candidates. When they are choosing candidates, they will become confused because there are too many candidates. Career Fair Through this career fair Public Bank had the chance to meet up large number of applicant in a short time. Besides, this fair allow the employers to meet their potential employee face to face, exchange information and impress them. However there are some cons on job fair too. One of the cons is during the job fair the environment may be very noisy and overcrowded. This could affect the recruiting process. Besides, it is time consuming, the employers may meet a lot of unqualified employees and it may take some time to filter the unqualified employees. 3.4 Selection Process After the recruitment process, Public Bank will undergo selection process. Selection means choosing the best individual best suited the particular position in Public Bank from a group of qualified applicants. Public Bank want to make sure that the applicants is properly matched with jobs and organization by selection process. The selection process in Public Bank is done step by step after Public bank recruited qualified people throughout the selection methods. The first process is preliminary interview. The main objective Public bank do this process is to eliminate the obviously unqualified individuals. Public bank will phone the candidates recruited to have a telephone conversation. In the conversation, the applicants will be eliminate once they are found not fulfill the qualification. Second process is review application and resumes. Qualified applicants will send their resume according to the jobs they apply. Summary of experience, education, training development must include in the resume for the process of selection. Public Bank will check for the validity and reliability of the resume in different ways such as make a phone call to the university he or she graduated, make a phone call to his or her last company to check for his or her experience and personality. The third process is having a selection test. In Public Bank, they basically will have cognitive test, job knowledge test and work sample test. Public Bank will give the applicants an IQ test form to fill up, to make sure the ability of applicants and how well he or she can perform a job. After that, Public Bank will give them job knowledge tests to measure how deep their knowledge about the position. After that, Public Bank will create a situation and require applicant to solve it based on their experience. This is the best way to test the ability of the applicant, to find out how applicants deal with the uncertainty and solve the problem with best solution. Fourth process is employment interview. Public Bank will ask the applicants come to branch to have a face-to-face interview. Basically, the interviewer will ask about occupational experience, academic achievement, interpersonal skills and how well applicants try to fit into the organization. Public Bank will uses both structured and unstructured interview. First ask applicants to introduce themselves, lists out their strength and weaknesses. After that, the interviewer will ask about the job related question. Public bank usually uses one-on-one interview method. Fifth process is pre-employment screening. Public Bank wants to determine the accuracy of information submitted by applicants. Public bank will checks applicants previous employment, education, criminal history, compensation history and credit history. The validity of information is very important; this is to make sure they hire the best workers among the applicants. Sixth process is selection decision, the most important and critical step. Interviewer will discuss with their head of department and head of human resource management to choose the person most closely conform to the open position and organization. Final process is to notify the applicant who being chosen. Public Bank will inform them as soon as possible by email and formal letter. 3.5 Advantages of the practice of Selection methods in H.R management Save time and cost When Public Bank does the preliminary interview, it helps to reduce time and effort. This method can eliminates weak candidates and send the high quality applicants for the second interview. Phone call will not cost Public Bank as much as compare to face-to-face interview and effort of interviewer. It is also a way to test for the verbal skills by having tele-conversation. If the applicants cannot perform well in tele-conversation, for sure they will also not perfom well during face-to-face interview which require higher verbal skills include body language, eye contact and movement. Increase efficiency Applicants will be given a selection tests. All the results obtain from the selection test will be standardize and uniform. Hence, it will be faster during make comparison between applicants, directly increase the efficiency of selection process. Other that, structure interview also will increase the efficiency of selection process because the question is similar for the entire applicant such as introduce yourself. By this, interviewer will have a best formal answer and determine which applicant will give the answer most close to the formal answer. Increase reliability and accuracy Public Bank will have a background and references checks after face-to-face interview with the applicants. They want to make sure that information given by applicants is not fraud and certificates and documents submitted are recognized by the issuing units. Once the issuing units confirmed the certificates and documents thus prove the applicants have the qualification with proper education background. If records are not found when refer to the issuing units, thus can eliminate the applicant to prevent organization hire the unqualified worker. Disadvantages of the practice of Selection methods in H.R management Interviewer may have bias to certain group of people Public Bank is using one-on-one interview method. This method is quite inappropriate when the interviewer is biased to certain group of people. The performance of applicants is very subjective due to the perspective of the interviewer. For example, when the interviewer believe that man will perform better in banking industry compare to woman, no matter how well the women performance during the interview or having higher education of that area, having more experience, she will still not been selected because of the point of view of the interviewer. This may cause Public Bank lose a better worker thus directly reduce competitive advantage. Time consuming Public Bank want to increase reliability and accuracy but in another hand waste time. To check for the validity of certificates and documents, the issuing units need time to proceed. While waiting for the feedback from issuing unit, applicants may search for other jobs. Once they found the information given by selected applicant is fraud, they need to select another applicant and go through this process again. Besides that, by having one-one-one interview method, it takes times to review all the applicants. As we know time is crucial because when the applicants wait for a long time and do not receive any feedback, they may search for other job opportunity.

Essay --

In modern day society it has become a scary reality that it could actually be argued that individuals are becoming bored of simply existing(REFERENCE). The individuals needs has increased and their need for complete satisfaction is one that requires them to step outside of what is known to be a ‘normal’ existence (REFERENCE). We are more acquainted with the world around us and therefore we want to experience it. We are more aware of the possibilities of who we could be and what we could do that the exposure of popular culture through various forms of media leaves the individual with much higher aspirations as we are a society that feels that anything is possible, it is unfortunate that in the majority of cases within society we cannot all attain the level of material wealth that so many wish for. Society appears to be escaping from normality and constantly searching for something else (REFERENCE), Yet this factor can be so easily justified as there seems to be so much more that the individual needs to escape from then there ever was before. However, Are we actually escaping? As we...

Generational conflicts Presentation

What do our companies do to deal with generational differences? 3. How important is it for organizations to have training and programs on generational conflicts? 4. Please share your experience about generational conflicts in the workplace that you have encountered in the past. How did you deal with it? Summarizing group discussions – Baby boomers – Seers – Years Adviser 1: Ron Also – a freelance writer, editor, and consultant, and a former reporter and editor for the Wall Street Journal. Bosses have to get used to spending more time with their young workers. The investment should pay off in improved morale, productivity, teamwork, and innovation.While Josh might prefer text messaging and e-mail, it is critical that he and Sarah meet face-to-face for more substantive conversations about workplace attitudes and expectations. Managers like Sarah also are finding that they need to show respect for Gene Years and encourage them even if they can't give Gene Yea rs what they want as fast as they want it. Advisor 2: Pamela Nicholson – president and COO of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, based in SST. Louis. As a large employer of college graduates, Enterprise has taken steps to address these kinds of issues, in two important ways: training and feedback. Advisor 3: Jim Miller – the executive vice president of sales and marketing at General Tool & Supply, a distributor based in Portland, Oregon.To work better together, Sarah and Josh both need to recalibrate their expectations. Sarah needs to take extra time to validate Josh's ideas and help him understand what it means to be a team player. For so many Years entering the workforce, the attitude is â€Å"I'll be a full-time freelancer, and work will be fun, fun, fun. Sarah needs to counteract that by being completely transparent with Josh about the level of performance required (a new idea needs to be fully researched) and the level of communication required (formal presentations rather t han hallway chats). For his part, Josh needs to figure out how to pitch his good ideas through established channels, within the established team framework.If he really needs to be a maverick, he can go off and start his own company, where he can follow his own business rules. Or, he can go to a different firm that has a maverick culture. Solutions to close the generation gap – Communicating information in multiple ways (oral and written, formal and informal) to address different generations' learning styles – Collaborative decision making (co-creation) – Training managers to handle generational differences – Recognizing that all generations want to be treated with respect (source: ASCII 2013) Wrap up – represented of each generation will say what they would do to deal with conflicts and improve performance Thank you for your active and constructive participation!

Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essays

Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essays Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essay Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest Throughout The Tempest, Shakespeare manages to present authority and inferiority through different characters and in a variety of different ways. One of the main characters, Prospero, is acknowledged as being the most authoritative character in the play because the audience realise that, not only was he once the Duke of Milan, but his power and overall superiority in the island is due to his knowledge in the magical arts. Prospero is proficient in the magical arts mainly due to the fact that he brushed aside his responsibilities when he was a Duke to make time for his magic. It is ironic to consider that, being gifted with magic, Prospero is shown as being virtually omnipotent on the island, yet it was the pursuit of this magic which was his initial downfall in society.In contrast to Prosperos excess in authority, Caliban is presented as the most inferior character in the play. He is banished out of Prosperos circle due to his nature; his mother was often refe rred to as a hag, and because he knows nothing of civilisation, but rather acts on an instinctive belief. It is also due to Calibans ignorance of the rules of outside society, that the island, where he born, and which could be said be rightfully his, was taken from him by Prospero. One such instance of Calibans ignorance of the rules of society is when he didst seek to violate the honour of my (Prosperos) child. In society, this would be considered as rape and one would be imprisoned for it, however Caliban doesnt understand the error of his actions as he says he wanted to populate this isle with Calibans. To him, He was acting on instinct and doing what animals do, but as Miranda and Prospero were not born on the island, to them it was considered as a violation of basic human rights. It if for this reason that we see Prospero hold control and superiority over Caliban as Prospero is aware of the outside rules, whereas Caliban is forced to act on his primitive instincts.Shakespeare s hows how authority is determined, not only by ones knowledge of life at its most basic state, but also by the ability to use it. In Prosperos case he uses Ariel as his instrument in exercising his authority. Ariel is shown as being Prosperos eyes as he uses her to oversee all that is happening on the island. Ariel does Prosperos bidding in the hope that she will have freedom once it has all been done. When Prospero asks Ariel if she has done what he ordered here to do: Hast thou, spirit, performed to point the tempest that I bade thee? Ariel replies with: To every article. Ariel shows that she has done all Prospero has asked her to do and even goes on to list what she has done as an emphasis of her deeds: I boarded the kings ship. Now on the beak, now in the waist, the deck, in every cabin I flamed amazement.The use of commas in between the line shows a break in the flow and also implies that a lot has been done. This gives the audience a sense of how it is directed on stage as Arie l can only narrate her action and portray herself as being an eager servant flitting around Prospero. Prosperos hold over Ariel is the promise of freedom and this is what gives him authority. His authority over Ariel also gives him overall authority over the island as, assisted with Ariels magic, he can control all that happens on it. Shakespeare shows us that superiority can only exist when acknowledged by those who are inferior. Another example of this is the way Gonzalo accepts Alonso as King and, later on, when Caliban promotes Stephano and Trinculo (two base characters) to a superior level.Through the interaction between Alonso and Gonzalo, the audience realise that authority and superiority can only be acknowledged by those without it. In Alonso and Gonzalos case, the way in which Gonzalo addresses Alonso as sir shows the respect he holds for Alonso and also indicates Gonzalo has less authority than Alonso. This would have been considered as rightfully placed respect in that p eriod in time because Alonso was the King. However, the way in which Sebastian and Antonio address Alonso is nothing short of disrespectful; when Alonso grieves for his sons apparent death, Sebastian states The faults your own (Alonsos). In situations like this, the common reaction of people would be to comfort the person who is grieving, but Sebastian and Antonio show a totally disrespect for authority and, instead, make snide and sarcastic comments whenever Gonzalo speaks: He (Alonso) receives comfort like cold porridge. This was said when Gonzalo tried telling Alonso to be grateful for having survived the tempest, Beseech you, sir, be merry. The way in which Antonio and Sebastian plan to kill Alonso and Gonzalo, in order for Sebastian to become the new King of Naples, shows how they are both willing to do blasphemous deeds in order to be their own leaders. Their lack of respect for those with more authority to themselves helps the audience to understand that there is no authority or superiority without those who are inferior to acknowledge it.The case of Caliban and Stephano and Trinculo shows the audience that some people were born to serve, but that they wanted to the freedom to choose their leader. Caliban never wanted to be free, he just wanted to have the freedom to choose who his controller was to be. We see this when he tells Stephano and Trinculo he will serve thee if they bite him (Prospero) to death. Calibans hatred for Prospero is justified as the treatment he receives from Prospero is nothing short of degrading; Prospero constantly refers to him as a slave, Thou poisonous slave. The speed in which Caliban was willing to accept Stephano and Trinculo as his new leaders shows his naivety as they are much more inferior than Prospero could ever be. Caliban begs them to take him as a slave as he says hell Kiss thy foot and asks them to be his god. When Caliban confronts Prospero at the beginning of the play, he shows emotion in the form of sadness as he says he showed thee [] the fresh springs and all he got in return was banishment from the island. However, when he speaks to Trinculo and Stephano, he says hell show thee the best springs as he believes they would never betray him like Prospero did.Authority and inferiority are also portrayed throughout the play through the characters use of language. The interaction between the characters and the language they use helps the audience to differentiate between who has authority and who doesnt. The way in which Caliban and Prospero interact with each other is a great indication to the audience of their status. As has been previously established, Prospero is shown as being a powerful and magical being who demands authority from both the audience and the characters in the play. The audience can tell, before Caliban even comes on stage, that he has little to no authority on the island. This is because of the language Prospero uses when describing him: Caliban, my slave, and Tis a villa in. By addressing Caliban as his slave slave, the audience realise that Prospero controls Caliban and therefore is far more superior to him. The abrupt and callous manner in which Prospero talks to Caliban suggests to the audience that Caliban is unworthy of Prosperos attention and time. Snappy lines, such as: What, ho! Slave! Caliban and Thou earth, thou, speak, show how impatient Prospero gets when having to spend time conversing with Caliban. It is for this reason that Caliban is unwilling to serve Prospero but is eager to serve Stephano and Trinculo. Caliban chooses to serve them both as he believes them to be fine things and to be Brave gods. It is his belief that they will kill Prospero and treat him well in enough. Although they both address Caliban as monster, the way they say it makes it seem as if its a term of endearment. This is proven correct when they leave the stage with: O brave monster! Lead the way. Caliban has never been spoken to in such a way and the use of brav e and Lead the way implies that Caliban is needed by them.One key scene to outline Shakespeares overall thoughts on authority and inferiority is the first scene of The Tempest. This scene outlines the fact that authority and inferiority is transient and unstable as it changes according to the situation and who is involved in the situation. Where Antonio, Sebastian, Alonso and Gonzalo would have the most authority in any social situation, their authority dissipates in the face of a raging storm. In this opening scene, the royal party is harshly addressed by the boatswain: Do you not hear him? [] Keep your cabins! You do assist the storm. The use of a rhetorical question shows how in a life or death situation, niceties will not do. The boatswain is more interested in getting out alive rather than adhering to the rules of hierarchy.He orders the four to get to their cabins as they mar his labour. This scene shows that even in the face of danger, Antonio and Sebastian are more concerned with the correct respect shown to them due to their statuses in society. The Boatswains only interest is saving himself and the ship, so his language is abrupt and short: Work you, then. He is speaking directly to Sebastian after Sebastian gets affronted with the disrespect he is shown. Sebastian shouts insults at the Boatswain A pox oyour throat. It is his pride which was injured due to the lack of respect he was shown. Sebastian and Antonio were never used to this treatment as they were usually held in high regard in society. What the audience realise is that authority means nothing when in the face of danger as the ultimate authority is help by Mother Nature.In conclusion, one can assume that authority and inferiority is determined by a number of things, but mostly the situation and circumstance a person is in. Caliban is a victim of circumstance and thus has no authority, but if Prospero hadnt come to the island, Caliban may have been his own king. It is Prosperos magic and the fear he instils in Caliban which gives him the superiority he has on the island. Authority and Inferiority can also only be determined by those with less authority, as without inferiority there cannot be superiority. Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essays Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essay Explore the presentation of authority and inferiority in The Tempest Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest The presentation of authority and inferiority is displayed in many different ways throughout, The Tempest. Authority is presented as being based on a variety of features. For example, social status, knowledge and magic all figure prominently. The balance of powers shifts quickly as authority is displayed in a complex manner. It refers to being powerful and conveys the traits of the characters. The authority is unbalanced and doesnt have as much of an affect, as it should do. The beginning shows authority and inferiority as it starts off with a storm and there is thunder and lightning hence the use of pathetic fallacy indicates towards danger onboard. The Master says Boatswain and therefore there is already symbolisation of authority within the premature play. This already indicates control over the Boatswain, while throughout the scene he tries to prevent the boat from wrecking by following orders. The authority is readily transferred to Boatswain while he commands other to help him and mentions What cares these roarers for the name of the King?, showing he is unmoved by whoever is the on ship and therefore gives priority to his master. The readers can already see how the man has been swirled within the control of his master and therefore obeys him strictly. Within this process even the nobles are treated with least respect thereby implying the effects of loyalty or obedience to master, and is shown when, he says, Do you not hear him? You mar our labour. Keep your cabins! The use of the exclamation mark indicates that he is shouting abruptly at a person of higher social rank. However at the same time Antonio and Sebastian rush after the King therefore provoking the indirect authority of the on them. The following Scene 2, comprises Miranda, Prospero having a conversation about the storm, while Miranda expresses sorrow over the storm and people in the ship, Prospero decides to extend the event to her past and explain it to her. He explains the story, but then makes her sleep, mainly to save her innocence, while Prospero talks about what to do with the survivors of the ship wreck with Ariel. Putting her to sleep, shows power, as magic is known as a super-power and is usually impossible to withstand it. Prospero is the ideal character with knowledge and shows this throughout The Tempest. He is the antagonist with immense amount of power various amount of power from persuasion, magic and knowledge from books. An example of this is: If thou more murmurst, I will rend an oak, And peg thee in his knotty entrails, till, Thou has howled away twelve winters. Prospero shows that he has the power to do anything. He threatens Ariel to do as he says or Ariel will pay the consequences by being put inside an oak tree. The vocabulary is strong, I will rend an oak a strong suggestion of eagerness to fulfil his words with actions also there is seriousness in his tone which might seem as though he is exaggerating Thou has howled away twelve winters, if there is a murmur from Ariel. Furthermore there is a break in speech with the use of a comma, which reinforces and links the idea of being exiled into an oak tree for twelve winters the authority over Ariel is just a part of Prosperos knowledge: Knowing I loved my books, he furnished me, From mine own library with volumes that, I prize above my dukedom. From this we learn how educated Prospero is and we can blatantly see that he has a vast knowledge over many volumes where he gained his knowledge and power. There is an emphasis that he had his own library, with various volumes that he could prize upon. When Ariel is introduced to the play, he appears to be a servant again signaling to authority and control, and when Ariel questions authority, he is harshly reminded by Prospero of how he rescued her and therefore classifies Ariel as being ungrateful and needing to be once in a month recalled of Prosperos good deeds. The punctuation has use of commas that try to persuade him by saying, Let me remember thee.. this conveys us that he is trying to remind Prospero his promise and emphasizes his aspirations of being free, by reminding him what thou promised. When Ariel and Prospero speak about the storm it links back to scene 1 where the storm shows how Prospero has authority over the ship and circumstances through magic. Ariel is treated almost like a pet by being degraded and appreciated at times, showing the magnitude of authority of Prospero. During that Ariel is degraded to being questioned about his past as well. And therefore takes the role of a pupil while Prospero humiliates him through his intellectual and physical threatening power. Caliban is seen as a slave as well with low morals, he is shown to be colonised by Prospero while he is taught the language to communicate with him as well. This shows the authority of the coloniser and ironically outlines the control the colonised Caliban has after being taught the language allowing him to curse Prospero. His authority and inferiority is shown as acceptable. Caliban is an example of this, when he comes across Trinculo and Stephano he immediately asks them to be his masters, by saying that he has given away his authority and has immediately asked to be inferior: Ill show thee every fertile inch otheisland, and I will kiss thy foot. I prithee, be my god. The desperation of Caliban is immediately seen in the quote when he emphasizes that hell show the entire land and he will kiss their feet. The vocabulary illustrates the desperation and extreme anxiety of a needed master. In addition it also has a hyperbole, be my god he over exaggerates by saying he wants Trinculo a nd Stephano to be his Gods. This shows that Caliban has no desire to be an authorative figure; he has accepted his position in the social hierarchy. When Ferdinand is stranded on the island, he encounters Ariel where they both fall in love, and therefore Ferdinand and Miranda could be seen as a possibility for peace and forgiveness for usurping Prospero. However Prospero dislikes the sudden fall in love between the two, and therefore threatens Ferdinand, where Ferdinand draws his sword, and after drawing it, Prospero freezes him through magic showing control; however Miranda does retaliate towards any harshness towards Ferdinand. Another example of authorisation is how Antonio uses various cunning methods to persuade and manipulate Sebastian into killing the King. This is shown when he says, Thou lets thy fortune sleep die, rather, winkst whiles thou art walking. The imagery used in the language personifies that the human status will raise level of impatience, fortune sleep also the grammar shows the relationship between die and sleep. The dash indicates a pause, engages the readers attention. It also shows Antonio changing his mind, to emphasize on the fact that the chance will be lost to kill the king. Furthermore the vocabulary shows a manipulative tone by suggesting that it is fortunes wish that they take this opportunity fortune to kill the king; in addition the association of eye movement sees the opportunity. The semi-colon links the two ideas together, which accentuates that, hes missing out on a golden opportunity. All this shows how he is almost talking down to Sebastian, and shows authority and i nferiority. In conclusion the presentation of authority shows that in order to have authority and stabilise it you need to have knowledge and power to do so. Prospero is a perfect example as he shows he has immense amounts of authority by having magic and knowledge from books. However, authority is also illustrated as being unequal the King, being on top of the social hierarchy doesnt show any authority and if he tries it is dismissed. On the other hand inferiority is subjective as some people have accepted that they are inferior for example Caliban. However Ariel accepts this as he is going to get something out of it, freedom. I dont think you need to be on top of a social hierarchy to have authority, you can gain it.

Review of Sylvia Plaths Novel The Bell Jar

Review of Sylvia Plath's Novel 'The Bell Jar' Written in the early 1960s, and Sylvia Plaths only full-length prose work, The Bell Jar is an autobiographical novel that relates the childhood longings and descent into madness of Plaths alter-ego, Esther Greenwood. Plath was so concerned about the closeness of her novel to her life that she published it under a pseudonym, Victoria Lucas (just as in the novel Esther plans to publish a novel of her life under a different name). It only appeared under Plaths real name in 1966, three years after she committed suicide. Plot The story relates a year in the life of Esther Greenwood, who seems to have a rosy future in front of her. Having won a competition to guest edit a magazine, she travels to New York. She worries about the fact that she is still a virgin and her encounters with men in New York go badly awry. Esthers time in the city heralds the start of a mental breakdown as she slowly loses interest in all the hopes and dreams. Dropping out of college and staying listlessly at home, her parents decide that something is wrong and take her to a psychiatrist, who refers her to a unit that specializes in shock therapy. Esthers condition spirals even further downwards due to inhumane treatment in the hospital. She finally decides to commit suicide. Her attempt fails, and a rich older lady who was a fan of Esthers writing agrees to pay for treatment in a center that does not believe in shock therapy as a method for treating the ill. Esther slowly starts her road to recovery, but a friend she has made at the hospital isnt so lucky. Joan, a lesbian who had, unbeknownst to Esther, fallen in love with her, commits suicide after her release from the hospital. Esther decides to take control of her life and is once more determined to go to college. However, she knows that the dangerous illness that put her life at risk could strike again at any time. Themes Perhaps the single greatest achievement of Plaths novel is its outright commitment to truthfulness. Despite the fact that the novel has all the power and control of Plaths best poetry, it does not skew or transform her experiences in order to make her illness more or less dramatic. The Bell Jar takes the reader inside the experience of severe mental illness like very few books before or since. When Esther considers suicide, she looks into the mirror and manages to see herself as a completely separate person. She feels disconnected from the world and from herself. Plath refers to these feelings as being trapped inside the bell jar as a symbol for her feelings of alienation. The feeling becomes so strong at one point that she stops functioning, at one point she even refuses to bathe. The bell jar also steals away her happiness. Plath is very careful not to see her illness as the manifestation of outside events. If anything, her dissatisfaction with her life is a manifestation of her illness. Equally, the end of the novel does not pose any easy answers. Esther understands that she is not cured. In fact, she realizes that she might never be cured  and that she must always be vigilant against the danger that lies within her own mind. This danger befell Sylvia Plath, not very long after The Bell Jar was published. Plath committed suicide in her home in England. A Critical Study The prose which Plath uses in  The Bell Jar does not quite reach the poetic heights of her poetry, particularly her supreme collection Ariel, in which she investigates similar themes. However, this does not mean the novel is not without its own merits. Plath managed to instill a sense of powerful honesty and brevity of expression which anchors the novel to real life. When she chooses literary images to express her themes she cements these images in everyday life. For example, the book opens with an image of the Rosenbergs who were executed by electrocution, an image that is repeated when Esther receives electro-shock treatment. Really, The Bell Jar is a  stunning portrayal of a particular time in a persons life and a brave attempt by Sylvia Plath to face her own demons. The novel will be read for generations to come.

Chinatown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Chinatown - Essay Example However, since the economy of America got destabilized, the labor force of China became a danger to the conventional community. Racial bias and tyrannical administration brought the Chinese people from the area of gold mines to the refuge of the locality that came to be recognized as Chinatown. It is the sole ethnic cluster in the account of the United States that have been particularly deprived of entry into the nation, the Chinese people were forbidden by law to give evidence in court, to vote, to possess property, to get married to non-Chinese, to get employed in institutional agencies and to have families to join them. The survival and success of Chinatown relied to a great extent on the family unit and neighborhood compassionate clusters which served as social and political support frameworks to the new-entrants. The associates strove to convene the essential requirements of the group of people, and represented an integrated say in the struggle against prejudiced legislation pro cedure. "CHINATOWN"  presents a informative perception towards how a cluster of people have been restricted culturally, linguistically, economically and geographically throughout aggressive times and how it has grown today to turn out to be a courageous, proud and vibrant society for the â€Å"Chinese Americans† and the â€Å"greater New York†, which is known to be in Chinese as â€Å"Dai Fao† (Big City). (Joe, 1995) Today’s Chinatown Today Chinatown has turned into a distinctive neighborhood characterized by its inhabitants, its organizations and its olden times that accounts for a story of welcome, refusal and recognition. The buildings built according to the Chinese-style and the constricted busy roads provide Chinatown its identity. Beyond the golden storefronts various tenements full of aged people and fresh immigrants stressed with issues caused by years of elimination and unfairness, health problems, substandard housing and unemployment, could be found all over the city. Central part of Chinatown itself has been restricted by its competence to develop, today no longer acts as the key housing region for the Chinese population of the New York. Numerous people have settled out of the packed Chinatown to the Sunset and Richmond regions. During the year 1977, the Chinese Community Housing Corporation and the Chinatown Resource Center commenced a wide-ranging development plan determined to discover way outs for the changes in the patterns of land use. From the time of 1895 the citizens of the Chinese American community coalition has struggled in opposition to disenfranchisement of the dwellers of the Chinese origin and supported a good amount of community assignments. Population, employment and industry In the Census of 1980 it can be found that 84.5% (for a total of 124,372) of the New York region's Chinese population lived in the New York City, and the greater part of the Chinese people of the New York City are comparatively de nser in 3 counties namely the New York County (41.9 %), Queens County (31.8 %) and Kings County (21.0 %). Moreover 73 % of the Chinese people of the New York County used to reside in fourteen census bands in the Lower East Manhattan. The Chinese migrants, above all the new immigrants, have a tendency to look for

Hypothetical Designs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hypothetical Designs - Essay Example Research design involves some basic steps which are discussed below. Research study can be exploratory, descriptive, hypothesis testing or just a case study analysis. The nature of the study basically depends on the fact that to which stage has knowledge of the researcher advanced; while conducting the research. Exploratory studies are for example conducted on issues that are relatively new, aiming at gaining more generic information without solving any problems. When a researcher has decided which type of research he wants to conduct, than he decides some other important variables which are part of research design e.g. Time horizon, sampling design, unit of analysis, data collection method, measurements, study settings, extent of researcher interference, types of investigations. The design can also be judged by type of assignment of samples. If random assignments are made it is experimental design, non-random is non-experimental design and it is quasi design if it has non-random ass ignment but all other ingredients of an experimental design.